This 2017 proclamation, numbered 1025, briefly discusses the increasing usage of radiation to meet some of the developmental targets of the country. It also points to the inherent risk associated with this usage as it relates to human health, environment and properties. This proclamation pushes towards strengthening radiation protection and regulatory systems, and supervising radiation activities, to ensure damage to health, environment and properties are minimised.

The vision to ensure citizens of Ethiopia have equitable access to affordable, safe, and quality healthcare services is one of the most important goals enshrined in the 5-year health sector transformation plan (HSTP) of the ministry of health. This multi-structured HSTQ seeks to ensure the implementation of the objectives contained in the HSTP runs smoothly and is sustained, in line with the government’s ultimate drive to ensure universal quality health coverage in Ethiopia.

“The strategic objectives of the Programme as highlighted are: to improve the nutritional status of women (15–49 years) and adolescents (10–19 years); to improve the nutritional status of infants, young children and children under 5; to improve the delivery of nutrition services for communicable and non-communicable/lifestyle-related diseases (all age groups); to strengthen implementation of nutrition-sensitive interventions across sectors; and to improve multi-sectoral coordination and capacity to ensure the Programme’s implementation”.

The second national nutrition program (NNP II) represents a multisectoral implementation approach charged at ending hunger by 2030. It contains several interventions prioritised for attaining its vision: optimal breastfeeding; optimal complementary feeding; mitigation and prevention of micro-nutrient deficiencies; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); deworming; food fortification; and management of acute malnutrition. The overall goal of this program implementation manual is to facilitate and ignite the accelerated reduction of malnutrition to achieve zero hunger by 2030 and meet Sustainable Development Goal targets”.”””

This highlights the holistic plans of the transitional government for Ethiopia. The general policy pointers include the democratization and decentralization of the health service system; the development of the preventive and promotive components of health care; development of an equitable and acceptable standard of the health service system that will reach all segments of the population within the limits of recourses; promoting and strengthening of intersectoral activities; the provision of health care for the population on a scheme of payment according to ability with special assistance mechanisms for those who cannot afford to pay; and promoting the participation of the private sector and non-governmental organizations in health care.

The strategy provides a comprehensive guideline to coordinate all efforts and activities towards improving nutrition status. The main objective of the strategy is to ensure optimum nutrition for all citizens. It however prioritises pregnant and lactating women, infants and children under five years of age, people living with HIV/AIDS, displaced population groups, food-insecure households, and some other population groups.

The strategy acts on the premise that children’s learning abilities are impaired by poor health and nutrition. The strategy shifts the focus of health and nutrition needs away from pre-school children and mere survival, to school-age children, and better quality of life. Its goal is to improve access and educational achievement of school children through health and nutrition interventions. It also pushes towards coordination of all school health nutrition activities and interventions.

“This strategy includes effective antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevention and containment of the ever-increasing range of infectious threats caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi in humans, animals, agriculture, and the environment. The multiple stakeholders across sectors and the whole of society will be coordinated for the prevention and containment of AMR. The vision of the strategy is a society where antimicrobials are recognized and managed as a valuable and shared resource, maintaining their efficacy so that infections in humans and animals remain treatable and communities continue to benefit from the advances that antimicrobials enable”.

The overarching goal of this strategy is to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia. The Strategy provides technical guidance for mothers, on infant and young children feeding, and providing recommendations.

The proclamation is to repeal the national research institute of health establishment proclamation of 1985. The proclamation transfers the rights and obligations of the institute to the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute.

These sets of guidelines push towards effectively driving and improving the general use of Anti-Retroviral drugs. They seek to complement other national implementation guidelines. The guidelines have an overall goal of improving general service deliveries at all levels.

This national strategy addresses the need to meet the MDG 2015 goal of reducing child mortality, specifically, under-five child mortality by two thirds. It analyses and attempts to check the various underlying conditions that account for the major proportion of child mortality. These conditions include inadequate birth spacing, poverty, and inadequate maternal education.

The active participation of members of the society has been deemed necessary to effectively implement the country’s health policy. The proclamation also points to primary health care as a suitable approach to solve the health problems in the country. The proclamation establishes the health advisory board at the federal and regional level to aid the effective implementation of the proclamation; it specifies the powers and duties of the board, as well as its meetings. It also highlights the powers and duties of inspectors charged with the implementation of the proclamation. It spells out directives related to; food quality control, food standard requirements, water quality control, water handling and disposal, among others.

The council of ministers regulations to provide for the establishment of the Ethiopian health and nutrition research institute. The institute is to be an autonomous public authority, and accountable to the ministry of health. It is charged with ensuring maximum contribution to the development of health in Ethiopia. It also has as its objective, the study and research of diseases, their spread, complimentary traditional medicine, and nutrition, for the general health improvement in the country.

The regulations establish the public health institute as an autonomous office of the federal government. The institute is to be supervised by the ministry of health. It has the following objectives, among others; undertake research, in line with the national agenda, strengthen its infrastructure and man-power base, ensure preparedness for times of emergencies, and conduct surveys to mitigate against impending public health risks.

The authority is established as an autonomous body and shall be accountable to the ministry of health. It shall be seen to ensure the safety, efficacy, quality, and proper use of food and medicines. It shall also see to the ethics of practitioners and professionals, as well as facilitating the standardization of health institutions, among others.

The municipal public health rules are issued concerning water. It highlights several rules to this effect on the water for public consumption, human excrements, and discharge of sewage.

The authority is established as an autonomous body and shall be accountable to the mayor of the city of Addis Ababa. It shall be seen to ensure the safety, efficacy, quality, and proper use of food and medicines in the city. It shall also see to the ethics of practitioners and professionals, as well as facilitating the standardization of the city’s health institutions, among others.

The proclamation on food and medicine administration guides the establishment of the necessary frameworks and regulatory schemes to ensure the safety of citizens against harmful and unsafe food, drugs, narcotics, and cosmetic products.

The extension package highlights the causes of these nutrition issues and pushes to address them to achieve the prevention of diseases arising from malnutrition. The prevalence of malnourishment among the rural population in Ethiopia is well documented. This is despite the wide variety of agricultural products produced in the country.